Craig Manning
Publications
For paper reprints contact: manning@ess.ucla.edu
2009
Young, E.D., Tonui, E., Manning, C.E., Schauble, E., Macris, C.A., 2009,
Spinel-olivine magnesium isotope thermometry in the mantle and implications
for the Mg isotopic composition of Earth.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, in press.
Newton, R. C., Manning, C. E., Hanchar, J. M., and Colasanti, C. V., 2009,
Free energy of formation of zircon based on solubility measurements at high temperature and pressure.
American Mineralogist, in press.
Plank, T., Cooper, L., and Manning, C. E., 2009.
Emerging geothermometers for estimating slab surface temperatures.
Nature Geoscience, p. 611-615.
Newton, R. C., and Manning, C. E., 2009,
Hydration state and activity of aqueous silica in H2O-CO2 fluids at high pressure and temperature
American Mineralogist, v. 94, p. 1287-1290.
Briggs, S. M., Yin, A., Manning, C. E., Chen, Z. L., and Wang, X. F., 2009.
Tectonic development of the southern Chinese Altai Range as determined by
structural geology, thermobarometry, 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology, and Th/Pb
ion-microprobe monazite geochronology.
Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 121, p. 1381-1393.
Kapp, P., Manning, C. E., and Tropper, P., 2009,
Phase-equilibrium constraints on titanite and rutile activities in
mafic epidote amphibolites and geobarometry using titanite-rutile equilibria.
Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 27, p. 509-521.
Menold, C. A., Manning, C. E., Yin, A., Tropper, P., Chen, X. H., and Wang, X. F., 2009.
Metamorphic evolution, mineral chemistry and thermobarometry of
orthogneiss hosting ultrahigh-pressure eclogites in the North Qaidam
metamorphic belt, Western China.
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 35, p. 273-284.
Wohlers, A., and Manning, C.E., 2009.
Solubility of corundum in aqueous KOH solutions at 700°C and 1 GPa.
Chemical Geology, v. 262, p. 326-333.
2008
Hopkins, M., Harrison, T. M., and Manning, C. E., 2008,
Low heat flow inferred from >4 Gyr zircons suggests Hadean plate boundary interactions.
Nature, v. 456, p. 493-496.
Newton, R. C., and Manning, C. E., 2008,
Thermodynamics of SiO2-H2O fluid near the upper critical end point from quartz solubility measurements at 10 kbar.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 274, p. 241-249.
Antignano, A., and Manning, C. E., 2008,
Erratum to " Fluorapatite solubility in H2O and H2O-NaCl at 700 to 900°C and 0.7 to 2.0 GPa"
[Chemical Geology, v. 251, p. 112-119].
Chemical Geology, v. 255, p. 294.
Antignano, A., and Manning, C. E., 2008,
Rutile solubility in H2O, H2O-SiO2, and
H2O-NaAlSi3O8 fluids at 0.7-2.0 GPa and 700-1000 °C:
implications for mobility of nominally insoluble elements.
Chemical Geology, v. 255, p. 283-293.
Manning, C. E., Wilke, M., Schmidt, C., and Cauzid, J., 2008. Rutile solubility in
albite-H2O and Na2Si3O7-H2O
at high temperatures and pressures by in-situ synchrotron radiation micro-XRF.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 272, p. 730-737.
Tropper, P., and Manning, C. E., 2008,
The current status of titanite-rutile thermobarometry in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks: the
influence of titanite activity models on phase equilibrium calculations.
Chemical Geology, v. 254, p. 123-132.
Antignano, A., and Manning, C. E., 2008,
Fluorapatite solubility in H2O and H2O-NaCl at 700 to 900°C and 0.7 to 2.0 GPa.
Chemical Geology, v. 251, p. 112-119.
Shahar, A., Young, E. D., and Manning, C. E., 2008,
Equilibrium high-temperature Fe isotope fractionation between fayalite and magnetite: an experimental calibration.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 268, p. 330-338.
Newton, R. C., and Manning, C. E., 2008,
Solubility of corundum in the system Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-NaCl
at 800°C and 10 kbar.
Chemical Geology, v. 249, p. 250-261.
Tropper, P., and Manning, C. E., 2008,
Erratum to "The solubility of corundum in H2O at high pressure and temperature and
its implications for Al mobility in the deep crust and upper mantle" [Chemical Geology 240/1-2 (2007) 54-60].
Chemical Geology, v. 248, p. 114.
Wykes, J. L., Newton, R. C., and Manning, C. E., 2008,
Solubility of andradite, Ca3Fe2Si3O12, in a 10 mole % NaCl solution
at 800°C and 10 Kbar: implications for the metasomatic
origin of grandite garnet in calc-silicate granulites.
American Mineralogist, v. 93, p. 886-892.
2007
Newton, R. C., and Manning, C. E., 2007,
Solubility of grossular, Ca3Al2Si3O12,
in H2O-NaCl solutions at 800°C and
10 kbar, and the stability of garnet in the system
CaSiO3-Al2O3-H2O-NaCl.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 71, p. 5191-5202.
Manning, C. E., 2007,
Book Review: Inside the Subduction Factory.
Geofluids, v. 7, p. 1-3.
Coogan, L. A., Manning, C. E., Wilson, R. N., and E.I.M.F., 2007,
Oxygen isotope evidence for short-lived high-temperature fluid flow
in the lower oceanic crust at fast-spreading ridges.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 260, p. 524-536.
Manning, C. E., 2007,
Solubility of corundum + kyanite in H2O at 700°C and 10 kbar:
evidence for Al-Si complexing at high pressure and temperature.
Geofluids, v. 7, p. 258-269.
Tropper, P., and Manning, C. E., 2007,
The solubility of fluorite in H2O and H2O-NaCl
at high pressure and temperature.
Chemical Geology, v. 242, p. 299-306.
Tropper, P., and Manning, C. E., 2007,
The solubility of corundum in H2O at high pressure and temperature and
its implications for Al mobility in the deep crust and upper mantle.
Chemical Geology, v. 240, p. 54-60.
Yin, A., Manning, C. E., Lovera, O., Menold, C. A., Chen, X., and Gehrels, G. E., 2007,
Early Paleozoic tectonic and thermomechanical evolution of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP)
metamorphic rocks in the northern Tibetan Plateau, northwest China.
International Geology Review, v. 49, p. 681-716.
Briggs, S. M., Yin, A., Manning, C. E., Chen, Z. L., Wang, X. F., and Grove, M., 2007,
Late Paleozoic tectonic history of the Ertix Fault in
the Chinese Altai and its implications for the development of
the Central Asian Orogenic System
Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 119, p. 944-960.
Robinson, A. C., Yin, A., Manning, C. E., Harrison, T. M., Zhang, S. H., and Wang, X. F., 2007,
Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Pamir region and implications for strain-accommodation
mechanisms at the western end of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen during the Indo-Asian collision.
Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 119, p. 882-896.
2006
Newton, R. C., and Manning, C. E., 2006,
Solubilities of corundum, wollastonite and quartz in H2O-NaCl solutions at 800°C and 10 kbar:
Interaction of simple minerals with brines at high pressure and temperature.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 70, p. 5571-5582.
Allen, M., Sherwood Lollar, B., Runnegar, B., Oehler, D. Z., Lyons, J. R., Manning, C. E., and Summers, M., 2006,
Is Mars alive?
Eos, v. 87, p. 433-448.
Manning, C. E., 2006,
Mobilizing aluminum in crustal and mantle fluids.
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 89, p. 251-253
[Extended Abstract].
Manning, C. E., Mojzsis, S. J., and Harrison, T. M., 2006,
Geology, age and origin of supracrustal rocks at Akilia, West Greenland.
American Journal of Science, v. 306, p. 303-366.
2005
Tropper, P., and Manning, C. E., 2005,
Very low solubility of rutile in H2O
at high pressure and temperature,
and its implications for Ti mobility in subduction zones.
American Mineralogist, v. 90, p. 502-505.
Lyons, J. R., Manning, C., and Nimmo, F., 2005, Formation of methane
on Mars by fluid-rock interaction in the crust.
Geophysical Research Letters, v. 32, L13201,
doi: 10.1029/2004GL022161.
Simon, J. I., Young, E. D., Russell, S. S., Tonui, E. K., Dyl, K. A.,
and Manning, C. E., 2005, A short timescale for changing oxygen fugacity
in the solar nebula revealed by high-resolution
26Al-26Mg dating of CAI rims.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 238, p. 272-283.
Newton, R. C., and Manning, C. E., 2005, Solubility
of anhydrite, CaSO4, in NaCl-H2O solutions at high
pressures and temperatures: applications to fluid-rock interaction, Journal of
Petrology, v. 46, p. 701-716.
Newton, R. C., Manning, C. E., Hanchar, J. M., and
Finch, R. J., 2005, Free energy of formation of zircon from aqueous solubility
measurements at high temperature and pressure. Journal of the American Ceramic
Society, v. 88, p. 1854.
2004
Manning, C. E., 2004, Polymeric silicate complexing in aqueous fluids at high
pressure and temperature, and its implications for water-rock interaction,
in Wanty, R. B., and Seal, R. R., II, eds., Water-Rock Interaction,
Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction.
London, Taylor & Francis Group, p. 45-49 [Extended Abstract].
Tropper, P, and Manning, C. E., 2004, Paragonite stability at 700
°C in the presence of H2O-NaCl fluids:
constraints on H2O activity and implications for
high-pressure metamorphism.
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 147, p. 740-749.
Robinson, A. C., Yin, A., Manning, C. E., Harrison,
T. M., Zhang, S.-H., and Wang, X.-F., 2004, Tectonic evolution of the
northeastern Pamir: constraints from the northern portion of the Kongur Shan
extensional system, western China. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.
116, p. 953-973.
Manning, C. E., 2004, The chemistry of subduction-zone fluids. Earth
and Planetary Science Letters, v. 223, p. 1-16.
2003
Rothstein, D. A., and Manning, C. E., 2003,
Geothermal gradients in continental magmatic arcs: constraints from the eastern
Peninsula Range Batholith, Baja California, Mexico, in Johnson, S. E.,
Paterson, S. R., Fletcher, J. M., Girty, G. H., Kimbrough, D. L., and
Martin-Barajas, A., eds., Tectonic Evolution of North-Western Mexico and the
southwestern USA: Boulder, Geological Society of America Special Paper 374, p.
337-354.
Newton, R. C., and Manning, C. E., 2003, Activity coefficient and
polymerization of aqueous silica at 800 °C, 12 kbar, from solubility
measurements on SiO2-buffering mineral assemblages.
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 146, p. 135-143.
Williams, J.-P., Paige, D. A., and Manning, C. E.,
2003, Layering in the wall rock of Valles Marineris: intrusive and extrusive
magmatism. Geophysical Research Letters, v. 30, no. 12, 1623,
doi:10.1029/2003GL017662.
Kapp, P., Yin, A., Manning, C. E., Harrison, T. M.,
Taylor, M. H., Murphy, M. A., and Ding, L., 2003, Tectonic evolution of
Qiangtang blueschist-bearing metamorphic rocks, central Tibet.
Tectonics, v. 22, no. 4, 1043, doi:10.1029/2002TC001383.
Caciagli, N. C., and Manning, C. E., 2003,
The solubility of calcite in water at 5-16 kbar and 500-800 °C.
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 146, p. 275-285.
Ingebritsen, S. E., and Manning, C. E., 2003,
Implications of crustal permeability for fluid movement between terrestrial fluid reservoirs.
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 78-79, p. 1-6 [Extended Abstract].
2002
Tropper, P., Manning, C. E., and Essene, E. J.,
2002, The substitution of Al and F in titanite at high pressure and
temperature: experimental constraints on phase relations and solid solution
properties. Journal of Petrology, v. 43, p. 1787-1814.
Newton, R. C., and Manning, C. E., 2002, Solubility
of silica in equilibrium with enstatite, forsterite, and H2O
at deep crust/upper mantle pressures and
temperatures and an activity-concentration model for polymerization of aqueous
silica. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 66, p. 4165-4176.
Newton, R. C., and Manning, C. E., 2002,
Experimental determination of calcite solubility in H2O-NaCl
solutions at deep crust/upper mantle pressures and temperatures:
implications for metasomatic processes in shear zones.
American Mineralogist, v. 87, p. 1401-1409.
Ferry, J. M., Newton, R. C., and Manning, C. E.,
2002, Experimental determination of the equilibria: rutile + magnesite =
geikelite + CO2 and zircon +
2 magnesite = baddeleyite + forsterite + 2 CO2.
American Mineralogist, v. 87, p. 1342-1350.
Ingebritsen, S. E., and Manning, C. E., 2002,
Diffuse fluid flux through orogenic belts: implications for the world ocean.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 99, p. 9113-9116.
Murphy, M. A, Yin, A., Kapp, P., Harrison, T. M.,
Manning, C. E., Ryerson, F. J., Ding, L., and Guo, J., 2002, Structural
evolution of the Gurla Mandhata detachment system, southwest Tibet: Implications
for the eastward extent of the Karakoram fault system.
Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 114, p. 428-447.
Deng, X. G., Ding, L., Liu, X. H., Yin, A., Kapp, P. A., Murphy, M. A., and Manning, C. E.,
2002, Geochemical characteristics of the blueschists and its tectonic significance
in the central Qiangtang area, Tibet.
Acta Petrologica Sinica, v. 18, p. 517-525 [in Chinese].
Catlos, E. J., Harrison, T. M., Manning, C. E., Grove, M., Rai,
S. M., Hubbard, M. S., and Upreti, B. N., 2002,
Records of the evolution of the Himalayan orogen from in
situ Th-Pb ion microprobe dating of monazite: Eastern Nepal and western
Garhwal. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 20, p. 459-479.
2001
Catlos, E. J., Harrison, T. M., Kohn, M. J., Grove, M., Ryerson, F. J.,
Manning, C. E., and Upreti, B. N., 2001,
Geologic and thermochronologic constraints on the
evolution of the Main Central Thrust, central Nepal Himalaya.
Journal of
Geophysical Research, v. 106, p. 16,177-16,204.
Kapp, P., Yin, A., and Manning, C. E., 2001,
Blueschist-bearing metamorphic core complexes in the Qiangtang block reveal
deep crustal structure of northern Tibet - Reply. Geology, v. 29, p. 664.
2000 and before
Manning, C. E.,
MacLeod, C., and Weston, P. E., 2000, Lower-crustal cracking front at
fast-spreading ridges: evidence from the East Pacific Rise and the Oman
ophiolite. In Dilek, Y., Moores, E., Elthon, D., and Nicolas, A., eds.,
Ophiolites and Ocean Crust: New Insights From Field Studies and Ocean Drilling
Program, Geological Society of America Special Paper 349, p. 261-272.
Newton, R. C.,
and Manning, C. E., 2000, Quartz solubility in concentrated aqueous NaCl
solutions at deep crust-upper mantle metamorphic conditions: 2-15 kbar and
500-900 °C. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 64, p. 2993-3005.
Tropper, P., Manning,
C. E., Essene, E. J., and Kao, L.-S., 2000, The compositional variation of
synthetic sodic amphiboles at high- and ultra-high pressures. Contributions to
Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 139, p. 146-162.
Newton, R. C., and Manning, C. E., 2000, Metasomatic phase relations in
the system CaO-MgO-SiO2-H2O-NaCl
at high temperatures and pressures. International Geology Review, v. 42, p.
152-162.
Kapp, P. A. Yin, A., Manning, C. E., Murphy, M. A., Harrison, T. M., Lin, D.,
Ding, L., Xi-Guang, D., and Cun-Ming, W., 2000,
Blueschist-bearing metamorphic core
complexes in the Qiangtang block reveal deep crustal structure of northern
Tibet. Geology, v. 28, p. 19-22.
Manning, C. E., and Ingebritsen, S. E., 1999,
Permeability of the continental crust: constraints from heat flow models and
metamorphic systems. Reviews in Geophysics, v. 37, p. 127-150.
Ingebritsen, S. E., and Manning, C. E., 1999,
Geological implications of a permeability depth curve for the continental
crust. Geology, v. 27, p. 1107-1110.
Yin, A., Kapp, P.
A., Murphy, M. A., Manning, C. E., Harrison, T. M., Grove, M., Ding, L.,
Deng, X.-G., and Wu, C.-M., 1999, Significant late Neogene east-west
extension in northern Tibet. Geology, v. 27, p. 787-790.
Manning, C. E., 1998, Fluid composition at the
blueschist-eclogite transition in the model system
Na2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-HCl.
Swiss Bulletin of Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 78, p. 225-242.
Manning, C. E., 1998, Highlights of metamorphic
petrology in 1997. Geotimes, v. 43, p. 23-24. Arnason, J. G., Bird, D. K., Bernstein, S., Rose,
N. M., and Manning, C. E., 1997, Petrology and geochemistry of the Kruuse Fjord
Complex, east Greenland. Geological Magazine, v. 134, p. 67-89. Manning, C. E., 1997, Coupled reaction and flow in
subductions zones: Si metasomatism in the mantle wedge. In: Jamtveit, B., and
Yardley, B. W. D., eds., Fluid Flow and Transport in Rocks, Chapman Hall, p.
139-148.
Manning, C. E., Weston, P. E., and Mahon, K. I.,
1996, Rapid high-temperature metamorphism of East Pacific Rise gabbros from
Hess Deep: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 144, p. 123-132.
Manning, C. E., 1996, Effect of sediment on aqueous
silica transport in subduction zones. In: Bebout, G. E., Scholl, D. W., Kirby,
S. H., and Platt, J. P., eds., Subduction: Top to Bottom, American Geophysical
Union Monograph 96, p. 277-284. MacLeod, C. J., and Manning, C. E., 1996, Influence
of axial segmentation on hydrothermal circulation at fast-spreading ridges:
insights from Hess Deep. In: MacLeod, C. J., Tyler, P. A., and Walker, C. L.,
eds., Tectonic, Magmatic, Hydrothermal and Biological Segmentation of Mid-Ocean
Ridges, Special Publication of the Geological Society of London, No. 118, p.
185-198. Manning, C. E., and MacLeod, C. J., 1996,
Fracture-controlled metamorphism of Hess Deep Gabbros, Site 894: Constraints on
the root zones of mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems at fast spreading
centers. In: Mével, C., Gillis, K. M., Allan, J. F., and Meyer, P. S., eds.,
Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, v. 147, College
Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), p. 189-209. MacLeod, C. J., Célérier, B., Früh-Green, G., and
Manning, C. E., 1996, Tectonics of Hess Deep: A synthesis of drilling results
from Leg 147. In: Mével, C., Gillis, K. M., Allan, J. F., and Meyer, P. S.,
eds., Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, v. 147,
College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), p. 461-475. Manning, C. E., MacLeod, C. J., Früh-Green, G.,
Kelly, D. S., and Lécuyer, C., 1996, Metamorphic veins from Site 894: Data
report. In: Mével, C., Gillis, K. M., Allan, J. F., and Meyer, P. S., eds.,
Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, v. 147, College
Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), p. 497-513. MacLeod, C. J., Manning, C. E., Boudier, F.,
Célérier, B., Kennedy, L. A., Kelso, P., Kikawa, E., Pariso, J. E., and
Richter, C., 1996, Data report: Structural measurements from Sites 894 and 895,
Hess Deep. In: Mèvel, C., Gillis, K. M., Allan, J. F., and Meyer, P. S., eds.,
Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, v. 147, College
Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), p. 515-529. Manning, C. E., 1995, Phase-equilibrium controls on
SiO2 metasomatism by aqueous
fluid in subduction zones: reaction at constant pressure and temperature.
International Geology Review, v. 37, p. 1074-1093.
Manning, C. E., and Bird, D. K., 1995, Porosity,
permeability and basalt metamorphism. In Schiffman, P., and Day, H. W., eds.,
Low-Grade Metamorphism of Mafic Rocks: Geological Society of America Special
Paper 296, p. 123-140. Manning, C. E., 1994, Fractal clustering of
metamorphic veins - Reply: Geology, v. 22, p. 1148-149. Manning, C. E., and Boettcher, S. L., 1994,
Rapid-quench hydrothermal experiments at mantle pressures and temperatures.
American Mineralogist, v. 79, p. 1153-1158.
Manning, C. E., 1994, The solubility of quartz in H2O in the lower crust and upper mantle. Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, p. 4831-4839.
Manning, C. E., 1994,
Fractal clustering of metamorphic veins. Geology, v. 22, p. 335-338.
Manning, C. E., Ingebritsen, S. E., and Bird, D.
K., 1993, Missing mineral zones in contact metamorphosed basalts. American
Journal of Science, v. 293, p. 894-938.
ODP Leg 147 Shipboard Scientific Party, 1993, ODP drills
the first lower crustal and shallow mantle sections generated at a
fast-spreading ridge. EOS, p. 297-307. Gillis, K., Mevel, C., Allan, J., and the Leg 147
Shipboard Scientific Party, 1993, Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program,
Initial Reports, 147. College Station, Texas, Ocean Drilling Program, 366 p. Ingebritsen, S., Christensen, B., Forster, C.,
Heiken, G., and Manning, C., 1993, Fluid-volcano interactions. GSA Today, v. 3,
no. 5, p. 123. Ingebritsen, S., Christensen, B., Forster, C., Heiken,
G., and Manning, C., 1993, Penrose conference on fluid-volcano interactions.
Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 55, p. 542-543. Ingebritsen, S., Christensen, B., Forster, C.,
Heiken, G., and Manning, C., 1993, Fluid-volcano interactions. World
Organization of Volcano Observatories News, no. 3, p. 8-9. Manning, C. E., and Bohlen, S. R., 1991, The
reaction titanite + kyanite = anorthite + rutile and titanite-rutile barometry
in eclogites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 109, p. 1-9.
Czamanske, G. K., Zientek, M. L., and Manning, C.
E., 1991, Low-K granophyres of the Stillwater Complex, Montana. American
Mineralogist, v. 76, p. 1646-1661.
Manning, C. E., and Bird, D. K., 1991, Porosity
evolution and fluid flow in the basalts of the Skaergaard magma-hydrothermal
system, East Greenland. American Journal of Science, v. 291, p. 201-257.
Manning, C. E., and Bird, D. K., 1990, Fluorian
calcic garnets from the host rocks of the Skaergaard intrusion: implications for metamorphic fluid
composition. American Mineralogist, v.75, p. 859-873.
Bird, D. K., Manning, C. E., and Rose, N. M., 1988,
Hydrothermal alteration of Tertiary layered gabbros, East Greenland. American
Journal of Science, v. 288, p. 405-457.
Coleman, R. G., Mortimer, N., Donato, M. M., Manning,
C. E., and Hill, L. B., 1988, Tectonic and regional metamorphic framework of
the Klamath Mountains and adjacent Coast Ranges. In: W. G. Ernst, ed.,
Metamorphism of the Western Cordillera: Englewood Cliffs, N. J., Prentice-Hall,
p. 1061-1097. Manning, C. E., and Bird, D. K., 1986, Hydrothermal
clinopyroxenes of the Skaergaard intrusion. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 92, p.
437-447.
Bird, D. K., Rogers, R. D., and Manning, C. E.,
1986, Mineralized fracture systems of the Skaergaard intrusion, East Greenland.
Meddelelser om Grønland, Geoscience, v. 16, 68 p. Bird, D. K., Rosing, M. T., Manning, C. E., and
Rose, N. M., 1985, Geologic field studies in the Miki Fjord area, East
Greenland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, v. 34, p. 219-236. 
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[CORRECTED EQUATION 1: logc°ap = -0.356+0.00241*T+9.17*log(H2O density)]
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